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o gorshkov Kazan |
[ 18.06.2004, 19:34: : Aglaya ] |
Grumeza Radu Limburg, Belgium |
[What Is LD? LD is also known as gametic phase disequilibrium, gametic disequilibrium, and allelic association. Simply stated, LD is the nonrandom association of alleles at different loci. It is the correlation between polymorphisms [e.g., single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that is caused by their shared history of mutation and recombination. In a large, randomly mated population with loci segregating independently, but in the absence of selection, mutation, or migration, polymorphic loci will be in linkage equilibrium. In contrast, linkage, selection, and admixture will increase levels of LD. The terms linkage and LD are often confused. Although LD and linkage are related, they are distinctly different. Linkage refers to the correlated inheritance of loci through the physical connection on a chromosome, whereas LD refers to the correlation between alleles in a population. The confusion occurs because tight linkage may result in high levels of LD. For example, if two mutations occur within a few bases of one another, they undergo the same pressures of selection and drift through time. Because recombination between the two neighboring bases is rare, the presence of these SNPs is highly correlated and the tight linkage will result in high LD. In contrast, SNPs on separate chromosomes experience different selection pressures and independent segregation, so these SNPs have a much lower correlation or level of LD.] |
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